Vestibular migraine is a type of migraine headache that is characterized by vertigo, dizziness, and balance problems, along with the typical symptoms of a migraine such as headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. Vestibular migraine is more common in women than in men, and it often starts in the late teens to early 40s. The exact cause of vestibular migraine is not known, but it is believed to be related to changes in the blood vessels and nerves in the brain.
The diagnosis of vestibular migraine is based on a combination of symptoms and medical history, and it can be challenging because the symptoms are similar to those of other conditions such as Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and other types of migraine. Treatment for vestibular migraine may include medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antidepressants, as well as lifestyle changes such as avoiding triggers like stress, lack of sleep, and certain foods. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises may also be recommended to help improve balance and reduce dizziness.